The selection and application of anesthesia tubes in anesthetic management are critical to the success of surgery and the safety of patients. Based on the complexity of the surgery, the anatomical features of the patient's airway, and the requirements of anesthesia, the type of anesthesia tube and its usage strategy must be carefully adjusted to ensure optimal respiratory management and ventilation support.

Endotracheal tubes are the most commonly used type in general anesthesia, widely employed in surgeries requiring strict respiratory control, particularly thoracic, abdominal, and neurosurgeries. Their main advantage lies in providing stable mechanical ventilation, ensuring a clear airway throughout the procedure. For patients with complex airways or risk factors, using cuffed endotracheal tubes can reduce the risk of intraoperative aspiration. However, endotracheal intubation requires a high level of technical skill, and improper technique can lead to airway trauma, vocal cord damage, or postoperative throat discomfort.

Laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) are typically used in medium to minor surgeries, such as ENT procedures, gynecological surgeries, and day surgeries. Compared to endotracheal tubes, LMA insertion is simpler and causes less postoperative throat discomfort for patients. However, due to its less effective airway seal, the ventilation provided by LMAs is limited in prolonged or complex surgeries, making it unsuitable for procedures requiring precise respiratory management.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic tubes are the preferred tool for managing complex airways, especially in patients with anatomical airway abnormalities, airway tumors, or severe tracheal stenosis. Their flexible design allows anesthesiologists to perform intubation under direct visualization, reducing the risks associated with blind intubation and significantly improving the success rate in difficult airway management.

In clinical practice, anesthesiologists must develop a personalized anesthesia tube selection plan based on the patient's condition, type of surgery, airway complexity, and ventilation requirements. This not only optimizes intraoperative anesthesia management but also minimizes the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications.